Centrally Sponsored Scheme, Centrally sponsored programs (CSS) are crucial instruments that enable deliberate expansion and fair advancement in various areas. These programs are essential parts of government campaigns to address various socioeconomic issues and promote inclusive development. This page provides a comprehensive explanation of centrally sponsored schemes (CSS). For students getting ready for the UPSC CSE Exam, it’s beneficial. You can enrol in UPSC Coaching if you need further assistance with your test preparation. This piece takes the reader on a perceptive tour of the world of centrally supported programs, delving into their subtleties, how they differ from programs in the central sector, the importance of Article 282, restructuring initiatives, and their effects on the development environment.
Contents
Central Sector Scheme And Centrally Sponsored Scheme
The government’s development strategy includes both centrally sponsored schemes (CSS) and central sector schemes; however, their funding sources and modes of implementation are different. Tell us the distinction between a centrally sponsored program and a central sector program.
- CSS: The federal government and state governments split the cost of CSS. A portion of the money are provided by the central government, with the different state governments bearing the remaining portion. The aims and requirements of each state are catered to by these efforts.
- Central Sector Programs: The central government provides all funding for these programs. Usually undertaken at the national level, these programs concentrate on matters of broad significance.
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Centrally Sponsored Schemes vs. Central Assistance
The term “central assistance” describes the funding that the federal government gives state and local governments for a range of development initiatives. Although centrally sponsored schemes are a type of central aid, they differ in that they are particular initiatives with predetermined goals and specifications. Central support can be utilised, meanwhile, for a variety of tasks, including infrastructure development and disaster relief.
Restructuring of CSS Scheme – Chaturvedi Committee Recommendations (2014)
In order to improve the efficacy and impact of centrally funded schemes, the Chaturvedi Committee recommended in 2014 a fundamental reform. The group suggested classifying things into three categories:
- The foundation of the Core Schemes: Fully sponsored by the federal government, these CSS Schemes were deemed essential for accomplishing national aims.
- Core Programs: The federal and state governments collaborated to fund these programs, giving the states latitude in their creation and execution.
- Optional Schemes: States were allowed to select these plans in accordance with their own requirements and preferences.
Centrally Sponsored Schemes and Flagship Schemes During UPA-2 Regime
During the UPA-2 administration (2009–2014), centrally supported initiatives were further separated into flagship programs that attracted particular attention because of their strategic significance in solving major developmental issues. During this time, the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), and the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) were a few noteworthy flagship programs.
66 Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS), Including the 17 Flagship Schemes: UPA-2 Regime
During the UPA-2 administration, 66 centrally supported projects were implemented, of which 17 were flagship initiatives. These programs covered a wide range of topics, including as social welfare, rural development, health, and education. Their goals were to improve the lives of marginalised populations and deal with pressing issues.
Centrally Sponsored Schemes List
Let’s look at the list of centrally supported programs:
Centrally Sponsored Educational Programs:
- Abhiyan Sarva Shiksha (SSA)
- RMSA stands for Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan.
- The National Scheme of Incentives to Girls for Secondary Education (NSIGSE) offers a mid-day meal service.
- The National Merit-Mathematic Scholarship Program (NMMSS)
- Plans for Providing High-Quality Education in Madrasas: Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat Digital India in Schools (SPQEM)
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Health:
- Mission of National Health (NHM)
- Pradhan Mantri – Ayushman Bharat Yojana Jan Arogya (AB-PMJAY)
- Yojana Janani Suraksha (JSY)
- Yojana Rashtriya Swasthya Bima (RSBY)
- The mission of National Urban Health (NUHM)
- Mission of National Rural Health (NRHM)
- Mission Swachh Bharat (Health and Sanitation)
- Child Development Services (ICDS) Integrated Tobacco Control Program
Poverty Alleviation:
- The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act of Mahatma Gandhi
- Program for National Social Assistance (NSAP)
- National Rural Livelihood Mission – Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY-NRLM)
- Housing for All under the Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (PMAY) of the National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM)
- PMJDY, or Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
- Yojana Atal Pension (APY)
- Stand Up India’s Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) – LPG for BPL Families
Rural Development:
- PMGSY, or Pradhan Mantri Gramme Sadak Yojana
- The MGNREGA, or National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
- Upadhyaya Deendayal DDU-GKY, or the Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
- PMAY-G, or Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana,
- Rurban Mission Shyama Prasad Mukherji National Social Assistance Program (NSAP)
- Yojana Rashtriya Krishi Vikas (RKVY)
Employment:
- The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act of Mahatma Gandhi
- Upadhyaya Deendayal DDU-GKY, or the Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
- PMRPY stands for Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana.
- Career Service of the Nation (NCS)
- Mission Skill India
- Pradhan Yojana Mantri Kaushal Vikas (PMKVY)
What is the Significance of Article 282?
The Indian Constitution’s Article 282 gives the federal government the power to give states money for a variety of uses, including the execution of federally funded initiatives. The legal basis for giving states financial support to advance welfare and development projects is provided by this article.
Criticism of the CSS Scheme
Although centrally supported programs are essential for achieving development objectives, they have also come under fire from a number of angles:
- Lack of Flexibility: Some opponents claim that the stringent regulations and criteria imposed on these programs limit the states’ capacity to modify them to suit local needs.
- Bureaucratic Barriers: Administrative and bureaucratic procedures may impede the implementation of these strategies, leading to delays and inefficiencies.
- Fiscal Strain: The cost of supplying matching funds may put a strain on state governments’ budgets, especially in those with weaker economies.
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Conclusion
As new programs are launched and old ones are changed, the landscape of government-subsidized programs is always changing. The list of centrally supported programs currently includes programs in a number of areas, including infrastructure, social welfare, health, education, and agriculture. These programs are intended to adapt to the nation’s shifting needs and objectives.
Faq’s
Q. Can states alter centrally sponsored schemes’ parameters to better fit their requirements?
Ans: States may adopt centrally funded programs with some degree of latitude, but significant changes could need central government approval.
Q. How is the financing percentage for programs sponsored by the central government determined?
Ans: Usually, the financing ratio is established by taking into account variables including the program’s structure, the industry’s importance, and the state’s financial resources.
Q. Do federal efforts only cover rural development?
Ans: No, a variety of industries, including infrastructure, social welfare, healthcare, and education, are covered by centrally supported programs.
Q. In what ways do programs funded centrally support equitable regional development?
Ans: Through the allocation of resources to areas with greater needs, centrally financed programs seek to close the developmental gaps across various regions.
Q. Can governments decide not to carry out programs supported centrally?
Ans: States may choose not to participate in certain optional programs if they believe they are inappropriate for their unique needs and goals.
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